At least 11 dead in Kenya protests as central Nairobi sealed off

Police released a statement on Monday evening praising officers for "exceptional restraint and professionalism in the face of sustained violence and provocation". It said 52 police officers and 11 civilians had been wounded.

The state-run Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KHRC) earlier said at least 10 people had been killed.

In a scathing report, it accused police of using excessive force, as has frequently been the case during the current wave of protests.

"Police operated in plainclothes and unmarked vehicles" on Monday and collaborated with "armed criminal gangs in Nairobi, Kajiado, Nakuru, Kiambu, and Eldoret", it said. The police have previously denied such accusations.

It added that it had evidence that at least two people had been abducted, as well as reporting 29 injuries and 37 arrests in towns across the country.

From early in the morning, hundreds of commuters and overnight travellers were stranded at checkpoints, some more than 10km (six miles) from the city centre, with only a few vehicles allowed through.

Roads leading to key government sites - including the president's official residence, State House, and the Kenyan parliament - were barricaded with razor wire.

Some schools advised students to stay at home.

But clashes broke out in parts of the capital as demonstrators lit fires and attempted to breach police cordons. Officers responded with tear gas and water cannon.

According to leading Kenyan newspaper the Nation, demonstrations have spread to 17 counties out of 47.

In Meru county, eastern Kenya, a shopping centre in the town of Makutano was engulfed in flames. Clouds of thick black smoke could be seen coming from the building.

In Ol Kalou town, one protester was shot dead and another who suffered gunshot wounds survived.

In Kamukunji, near the Nairobi venue where the original Saba Saba protests were held, police battled groups of protesters who lit fires on the streets.

A planned appearance by former Prime Minister Raila Odinga was cancelled, with him saying "the roadblocks all over town which made it difficult for people to make it to Kamukunji" meant he could not "join Kenyans in commemorating this important day".

But this did not deter him from blasting Kenya's "rogue police force that shoots people with impunity, a force inherited from the colonialists," while calling for a national dialogue on reforming the country's police.